Section 1: Introduction
Section 2: Aerodynamics and Flight Mechanics
Section 3: Icing Characterization
Section 4: Autopilot and Envelope Protection
Section 5: Human Factors
Section 6: Flight Simulation
Section 7: Future Research

Section 1: Introduction
Section 2: Aerodynamics and Flight Mechanics Part I Part II Part III
Section 3: Characterization Part I Part II Part III
Section 4: Autopilot and Envelope Protection Part I Part II Part III
Section 5: Flight Deck Displays/Human Factors
Section 6: Flight Simulation

• M.B. Bragg, T. Basar, W.R. Perkins, N.B., Sarter, M.S. Selig, P.G. Voulgaris, and James W. Melody
• AIAA Paper No. 2002-0813, AIAA 34th Aerospace Sciences Meeting,
• Abstract: Ice accretion affects the performance and control of an aircraft and in extreme situations can lead to incidents and accidents.  However, changes in performance and control are difficult to sense. As a result, the icing sensors currently in use sense primarily ice accretion, not the effect of the ice.  No processed aircraft performance degradation information is available to the pilot.  In this paper, the Smart Icing System research program is reviewed and progress towards its development reported.  Such a system would sense ice accretion through traditional icing sensors and use modern system identification methods to estimate aircraft performance and control changes.  This information would be used to automatically operate ice protection systems, provide aircraft envelope protection and, if icing was severe, adapt the flight controls.  All of this would be properly communicated to and coordinated with the flight crew.  In addition to describing the basic concept, this paper reviews the research conducted to date in three critical areas; aerodynamics and flight mechanics, aircraft control and identification, and human factors.  In addition, the flight simulation development is reviewed, as well as the Twin Otter flight test program that is being conducted in cooperation with NASA Glenn Research Center.

Section 1:  Introduction
Section 2:  Aerodynamics & Flight Mechanics
Section 3:  Controls & Sensor Integration
Section 4:  Human Factors
Section 5:  Icing Encounter Flight Simulator
Section 6:  Flight Test

• June 19-20, 2001
• Abstract:  This third annual report was presented at the University of Illinois as a formal report on the progress of the Smart Icing System. Representatives of NASA, the FAA and industry were present for the two day review.  

Section 1: Introduction
Section 2:  Aerodynamics & Flight Mechanics
Section 3:  Controls & Sensor Integration
Section 4:  Human Factors
Section 5:  Icing Encounter Flight Simulator

• June 13-14, 2000
• Abstract:  This second annual report was presented at the University of Illinois as an extended status report to various NASA and FAA representatives, along with several members of the aviation industry. 

Section 1: Introduction
Section 2:  Safety & Economics Trade Study
Section 3:  Aerodynamics & Flight Mechanics
Section 4:  Controls & Sensor Integration
Section 5:  Human Factors
Section 6:  Icing-Encounter Flight Simulator

• May 18-19, 1999
• Abstract:  This report was presented at the University of Illinois as an extended status report to various NASA and FAA representatives. 

• M. Bragg, T. Basar, W. Perkins, E. Loth, N. Sarter, M. Selig, K. Sivier, P. Voulgaris, C. Wickens
• Abstract: This report summarizes the current status of the research being performed by the University of Illinois on the Smart Icing Systems, SIS, concept under the first year of its NASA grant.  This grant has completed its first year of funding and beginning the first year of a proposed 4-year extension.  The core of the report is the summaries from the 5 groups conducting research to develop the technology for the SIS.  To maintain a reasonable document length, the summaries from each group are relatively brief but give a reasonable review of the research in that area.

• Michael B. Bragg, William R. Perkins, Nadine B. Sarter, Tamer Basar, Petros G. Voulgaris, Holly M. Gurbacki, James W. Melody and Scott A. McCray
• AIAA Paper No. 98-0095, Reno, NV, January 12-15, 1998. 
• Abstract:  Aircraft accidents in icing conditions are primarily the results of the degradation in performance and control due to the aerodynamic effects of the ice.  However, despite recent advances in the ability to identify these changes, the icing sensors currently in use sense only ice thickness or accretion rate at the sensor location.  No aircraft performance degradation information is available to the pilot.  In this paper, a smart icing system is proposed based on the ability to sense the effect of ice on the aircraft performance, stability and control.  This concept is proposed through the addition of an Ice Management System to the aircraft.  This system would add an additional level of safety to supplement the current avoidance and ice protection concepts currently in use.  Such a system would sense ice accretion through traditional icing sensors and use modern system identification methods to estimate aircraft performance and control changes.  This information would be used to automatically operate ice protection systems, provide aircraft envelope protection and, if icing was severe, adapt the flight controls.  All of this must be properly communicated to and coordinated with the flight crew.  The design of such a system requires a coordinated interdisciplinary approach.  In addition to describing the basic concept, this paper reviews the research needed in three critical areas; aerodynamics and flight mechanics, aircraft controls, and human factors.